Sodium Methallyl Sulfonate (SMAS) – Detailed Technical Description
1. Introduction
Sodium Methallyl Sulfonate (SMAS), also known as sodium 2-methyl-2-propene-1-sulfonate, is an organic sulfonate compound widely used in industrial applications, particularly in polymer modification and water treatment. It is a white crystalline powder or aqueous solution with high solubility in water. SMAS is valued for its ability to introduce sulfonate groups into polymers, enhancing their hydrophilicity, dispersibility, and antiscaling properties.
2. Chemical Formula & Structure
- Name: Sodium Methallyl Sulfonate
- Molecular Formula: C₄H₇NaO₃S
- Molecular Weight: 158.15 g/mol
- Chemical Structure: CH₂=C(CH₃)-CH₂-SO₃Na
- CAS Number: 1561-92-8
3. Chemical Properties
- Name: Sodium Methallyl Sulfonate
- Appearance: White crystalline powder or colorless liquid (in solution form)
- Melting Point: ~300°C (decomposes before melting)
- Solubility: Highly soluble in water, slightly soluble in alcohols, insoluble in nonpolar solvents
- pH (1% solution): ~7–9 (neutral to slightly alkaline)
- Reactivity: Reacts with strong oxidizing agents; polymerizes under heat or radical initiation
4. Preparation Methods
Sodium Methallyl Sulfonate(SMAS) is typically synthesized via the sulfonation of methallyl chloride followed by neutralization with sodium hydroxide:
- Sulfonation:CH2=C(CH3)−CH2Cl+Na2SO3→CH2=C(CH3)−CH2−SO3Na+NaClCH2=C(CH3)−CH2Cl+Na2SO3→CH2=C(CH3)−CH2−SO3Na+NaCl
- Purification: The crude product is purified by recrystallization or solvent extraction.
Alternatively, it can be prepared by the radical-initiated copolymerization of methallyl sulfonic acid with other monomers.
5. Applications
Sodium Methallyl Sulfonate(SMAS) is widely used in:
5.1 Polymer Industry
- Copolymerization Agent: Introduces sulfonate groups into acrylic, styrene, and vinyl polymers to improve water solubility and dispersibility.
- Dye Dispersants: Enhances dye stability in textile processing.
- Superabsorbent Polymers (SAPs): Used in diapers and hygiene products for improved water retention.
5.2 Water Treatment
- Antiscaling Agent: Prevents calcium and magnesium scale formation in boilers and cooling systems.
- Dispersant: Reduces fouling in reverse osmosis (RO) membranes.
5.3 Oilfield Chemicals
- Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR): Improves surfactant performance in flooding operations.
- Drilling Fluid Additive: Stabilizes clay dispersion.
5.4 Other Uses
- Electroplating: Acts as a brightening agent.
- Adhesives & Coatings: Enhances wetting and adhesion properties.
6. Advantages & Disadvantages
Advantages:
✔ Improves polymer hydrophilicity and antiscaling properties.
✔ Enhances thermal stability in high-temperature applications.
✔ Low toxicity and environmentally safer than some alternatives.
Disadvantages:
✖ Sensitive to strong oxidizers, requiring careful handling.
✖ May degrade at very high temperatures (>200°C).
7. Handling, Storage & Safety
Production Precautions:
- Use corrosion-resistant equipment (stainless steel or glass-lined reactors).
- Control reaction temperature to prevent runaway polymerization.
Storage & Transportation:
- Storage: Keep in a cool, dry place away from heat and oxidizing agents.
- Packaging: Sealed plastic or lined metal containers to prevent moisture absorption.
- Transport: Classified as non-hazardous, but should be protected from extreme temperatures.
Safety Measures:
- Personal Protection: Gloves, goggles, and lab coat to avoid skin/eye contact.
- First Aid:
- Inhalation: Move to fresh air.
- Ingestion: Rinse mouth, seek medical attention.
- Skin/Eye Contact: Flush with water for 15 minutes.
8. Conclusion
Sodium Methallyl Sulfonate (SMAS) is a versatile sulfonate monomer with critical applications in polymers, water treatment, and oilfield chemicals. Its ability to enhance hydrophilicity and antiscaling properties makes it valuable across industries. Proper handling ensures safe and effective use.
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